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Bone Features and Classes + Cartilage
Bones and cartilage (Tulane SOM 2015)
48
Medical
Professional
08/04/2011

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Cards

Term
process
Definition
a relatively large projection or prominent bump
Term
condyle
Definition
a large, rounded articular process
Term
foramen
Definition
an opening through a bone (can also be through tissue, ex. foramen ovale)
Term
crest
Definition
a prominent ridge
Term
fissure
Definition
any cleft or groove, normal or otherwise
Term
groove
Definition
a narrow, linear hollow or depression
Term
epicondyle
Definition
a projection near a condyle but not a joint; often serves as point of muscle and ligament attachment
Term
sulcus
Definition
general term for a groove, trench, or burrow
Term
spine
Definition
a relatively long, thin projection or bump
Term
alveolus
Definition
a small, angular cavity or pit (such as a tooth socket or air sac)
Term
shaft
Definition
an elongated rod-like structure such as the midsection of a long bone
Term
ridge
Definition
synonymous with line - long, thin projection, often with a rough surface
Term
meatus
Definition
a short canal that finishes as a dead end (entrance only)
Term
tubercle
Definition
a projection or bump with a roughened surface, generally smaller than a tuberosity
Term
fossa
Definition
a broad, shallow depressed area
Term
hiatus
Definition
synonymous with foramen - opening through a bone
Term
cortex
Definition
general term for the outer layer of an organ or body structure
Term
head
Definition
a large, round articular end (e.g., the head of the humerus)
Term
tuberosity
Definition
a projection or bump with a roughened surface
Term
line
Definition
a long, thin projection, often with a rough surface
Term
notch
Definition
an indentation on the edge of a bone
Term
facet
Definition
a small, flat articular (joint) surface
Term
angle
Definition
point at which two intersecting borders or surfaces converge
Term
canal
Definition
a long, tunnel-like foramen, usually a passage for notable nerves and blood vessels
Term
canaliculus
Definition
an extremely narrow tubular passage or channel
Term
appendicular skeleton
Definition
consists of bones of the limbs, including those forming the pectoral (shoulder) and pelvic girdles
Term
axial skeleton
Definition
consists of the bones of the head (cranium or skull), neck (hyoid bone and cervical vertebrae), and trunk (ribs, sternum, vertebrae and sacrum)
Term
compact bone
Definition
appears as a solid mass
Term
cancellous bone
Definition
consists of a branching network of trabeculae ("small beam", mesh-like network of rods w/i bone); trabeculae resist stress/strain
Term
long bones
Definition
gen. classification: found in limbs; length is greater that breadth
Term
diaphysis
Definition
tubular shaft of long bones
Term
epiphysis
Definition
rounded end of a long bone
Term
epiphyseal cartilage
Definition
separates diaphysis and epiphysis during growth
Term
metaphysis
Definition

[image]

part of the diaphysis that lies adjacent to the epiphyseal cartilage

Term
marrow cavity
Definition
central cavity in the shaft of a long bone that contains bone marrow
Term
periosteum
Definition
connective tissue sheath or membrane that lines the outside of bones (except joints of long bones)
Term
bone marrow
Definition
flexible tissue found inside of bones
Term
short bones
Definition
found in hand and foot; roughly cuboidal
Term
flat bones
Definition
found in the vault of the skull; composed of thin inner and outer layers of compact bone separated by layer of cancellous bone
Term
tables
Definition
inner and outer layer of compact bone in flat bones
Term
diploƫ
Definition
layer of cancellous bone separating outer and inner layer in flat bones
Term
irregular bones
Definition
bones w/ thin shell of compact bone w/ cancellous interior
Term
sesamoid bones
Definition
small nodules of bone found in certain tendons, small free surface w/ cartilage; reduces friction on the tendon
Term
perichondrium
Definition
fibrous membrane that cover cartilage, except on exposed joint surfaces
Term
cartilage
Definition
connective tissue in which cells/ fibers embedded in gel-like matrix, allowing firmness and resiliency
Term
hyaline cartilage
Definition
amorphous matrix + fibers; covers synovial joints, composes epiphyseal plates
Term
fibrocartilage
Definition
many collagen fibers in sm. amt. of matrix; joint discs
Term
elastic cartilage
Definition
elastic fibers + matrix; flexible
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