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Basic organelle overview
Cells
27
Biology
12th Grade
09/18/2008

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Cards

Term
cell
Definition

most basic form of life

 

all life is made of cells

Term
centrioles
Definition

microtubules

 

forms spindles and asters during mitosis, and become the base flagella and cilia

 

animal

NOT IN PLANT

prok?

Term

chromatin

Definition

granules and threadlike

 

histones and DNA

Term
golgi body
Definition

the hub of protein commuters

 

packages proteins and ships them off to cell membranes, lysosomes, and wherever else a protein happens to go.

Term
intermediate filaments
Definition

provide stability for the cell from it getting pushed around. They brace the cell membrane.

 

animal

plant?

prok?

Term
lysosomes
Definition

the stomach for intracellular digestion

 

contains acid

 

has a membrane

 

animal, plant?, prok?

Term
microfilaments
Definition

threadlike filaments made of ACTIN

 

used in muscle contractions/movement (amobae)

 

seperate cell membranes during cell division (wedge)

 

animals,plants?,prok?

Term

microtubule

Definition

forms centrosomes  and centrioles

 

determine overall shape of the cell

 

made of protein tubulin

 

organizes organelles

 

organizes chromosomes in the spindle

 

animals, plants?, prok?

Term
microvilli
Definition

like cilia

 

they protrude like fingers and increase cell surface area

 

animal, prokaryotes, plants?

Term
mitochondria
Definition

rod like

 

double membraned

 

everything inside is all twisty like for more surface area (calle CRISTAE)

 

cellular respiration

Term

nuclear envelope

Definition

the sac in which the nucleus is.

 

porous

Term
nucleolus
Definition

the small dot within the nucleus

 

it's filled with ribosomal RNA

 

manufactures ribosome subunits

Term
nucleus
Definition

contains chromatin, nucleoplasm, nucleoli, and is surrounded by the nuclear envelope

 

provides the cell's blue print

 

passes DNA to daughter cells

Term
peroxisome
Definition

membrane sacs with oxidase enzymes

 

break up toxins, especially hydrogen peroxide (catalase)

 

animal, plant?, prok?

Term
plasma membrane
Definition

bilayer of phopholipids & cholesterol

 

semipermeable- creates an extra and intra cellular environment

Term
ribosomes
Definition

made of ribosomal RNA and protein

 

synthesize protiens

 

free floating or attached to the ER

 

animal, prokaryotes, plants?

Term
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Definition

the giant twisting thing in a cell.

 

studded w/ ribosomes

 

 synthesizes phospholipids & cholesterol

 

encloses cistema, the cavity

 

animal, plant?, prok?

Term
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Definition

a membraneous system of sacs and tubules.

 

no ribosomes

 

lipid and steroid synthesis, lipid metabolism, and drug detox

 

animal, plant?, prok?

Term
cell wall
Definition

plants, prokaryotes, NO ANIMALS

 

function?

Term
flagella
Definition

the little tails that move cells around (sperm)

 

animals, proks, plants?

Term
nucleoid region
Definition

prokaryotes

 

massless blob of DNA (no nuclear membrane)

Term

desmosomes

Definition

anchoring junctions

 

increase rigidity of structures (with proteins like karetene)

 

anchors cytoskeletons

Term
gap junctions
Definition

used for communicating

 

like in neurons

Term
plasmadesma
Definition
open gouge in the cell wall of plants the cystol threads protrude from to grab on to other plant cells
Term
tight junctions
Definition

used to prevent fluids from leaking

 

skin and intestines

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