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| Which nations ruled early Messopotamia |
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Definition
| Which nations ruled early Messopotamia….. Sumer : 5400 bce (Potters wheel, cuneiform, 60 minutes, 360 degrees) Akkadians : 2300 bce (Sargon of Akkadia) Amorite / Canaanite : 2002 bce Babylonian : 1792 (Hammurabi's Laws) Assyrians : 668 bce (Library at Nineveh) Second Babylonian Empire : 626 bce (Nebuchadnezzar, Conquered Israel, Hanging Gardens) Persia : 539 bce (Cyrus the Great, Freed Israelites) |
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| Tell me about the pre-historic inhabitants of Greece and how they came to be civilized |
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Definition
| Tell me about the pre-historic inhabitants of Greece and how they came to be civilized….. Egyptians and Phoenicians created settlements in Greece and taught the stone age, cave dwelling Pelasgians how to grow crops, weave, cook wth fire, etc. They established several settlements such as Argos, Athens, and Thebes. Eventually the settlers and the Pelasians became one people but living under their own chiefs in different cities. |
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| Tell me about the first written laws. |
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Definition
Tell me about the first written laws.…..
Hammurabi (1810 BC – 1750 BC)
Sixth King of Babylon - Hammurabi Codes - First Written Laws. Hammurabi was the sixth king of Babylon from 1792 BC to 1750 BC He became the first king of the Babylonian Empire following the abdication of his father, Sin-Muballit, extending Babylon's control over Mesopotamia by winning a series of wars against neighboring kingdoms.[2] Although his empire controlled all of Mesopotamia at the time of his death, his successors were unable to maintain his empire.
Hammurabi is known for the set of laws called Hammurabi's Code, one of the first written codes of law in recorded history. These laws were written on a stone tablet standing over eight feet tall (2.4 meters) that was found in 1901. Owing to his reputation in modern times as an ancient law-giver, Hammurabi's portrait is in many government buildings throughout the world. |
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| What is the first Chinese Dynasty and who founded it? |
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Definition
What is the first Chinese Dynasty and who founded it?…..
1760 BCE - T'ang forms Shang Dynasty in China. Chinese civilization originated in various regional centers along both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys in the Neolithic era, but the Yellow River is said to be the Cradle of Chinese Civilization. The written history of China can be found as early as the Shang Dynasty (ca. 1700 BC – ca. 1046 BC) |
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| Tell me about Paris of Troy |
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Definition
Tell me about Paris of Troy…..
When Paris was a babe his mother dreamed that he would cause Troy to be destroyed so he was abandoned in the wilderness but rescued by a hunter who raised him. Later his parents reclaimed him. In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans (Greeks) after Paris of Troy took Helen from her husband Menelaus, the king of Sparta. The war is among the most important events in Greek mythology and was narrated in many works of Greek literature, including the Iliad and the Odyssey by Homer. "The Iliad" relates a part of the last year of the siege of Troy, while the Odyssey describes the journey home of Odysseus, one of the Achaean leaders. |
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| Tell me about the geography of Greece |
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Definition
Tell me about the geography of Greece…..
It is half the size of the state of New York and is located in the Southern part of Europe but cut off from the rest of the continent by a chain of mountains in the north. It is surrounded on the other three sides by the mediterranean Sea. |
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| What were the three eras of ancient Rome |
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Definition
What were the three eras of ancient Rome…..
In 753 bce, Romulus founds Rome and it is ruled by a succession of seven Kings
In 510 bce, the kings are replaced by a Senate and Rome is a Republic
In 27 bce, Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus turns Rome into an Empire |
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Who were the Helots…..
First Messenian War 743BCE - 724BCE: Sparta vs Messenia: Messenians (Helots) subjugated. Messenia was homerically described as land of Menelaus of Sparta. The helots (Classical Greek: Εἵλωτες / Heílôtes) were an unfree population group that formed the main population of Laconia and the whole of Messenia (areas of Sparta). Their exact status was already disputed in antiquity: according to Critias, they were "especially slaves"[1] whereas to Pollux, they occupied a status "between free men and slaves".[2] Tied to the land, they worked in agriculture as a majority and economically supported the Spartan citizens. They were ritually mistreated, humiliated and even slaughtered: every autumn, during the crypteia, they could be killed by a Spartan citizen without fear of repercussion. |
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| Who were the "A + T" team pre-socratic philosophers of Greece & what did they believe? |
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Definition
Who were the "A + T" team pre-socratic philosophers of Greece & what did they believe?…..
**Thales of Miletus, Philosopher, Water is Being, (624bc - 546bc), Considered Father of Science because he created hypothesis to explain reality without reference to mythology. All things come from water.
**Anaximander of Miletus student of Thales (610bc - 546bc) Being is unknowable substance, Father of cosmology, Mileasian School. Believed the Earth floated in nothingness and was not supported on something else.
**Anazimenes of Miletus (585BC to 525BC) student of Anaximander, being is air
**Anaxagoras 500 - 428 bce. Brought philosophy from Ionia to Greece. Believed the moon was like the earth and glowed from the reflection of the sun. Believed that all things came from other small things. |
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| Who was the Chinese Philosopher around 500 BCE |
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Definition
Who was the Chinese Philosopher around 500 BCE…..
Confucius (551 BCE – 479 BC) Chinese Philosopher His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. Emphasis on importance of study. |
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| Why did Rome stop having Kings? |
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Definition
Why did Rome stop having Kings?…..
End of the Roman Kings: Tarquin the Proud (535 B.C. – 496 B.C.) was the seventh King of Rome, reigning from 535 until the Roman revolt in 509 B.C. which would lead to the establishment of the Roman Republic. He is more commonly known by his cognomen Tarquin the Proud and was a member of the Etruscan dynasty of Rome. He is described as a tyrant and dictator when ruling the kingdom. He directed much of his attention to ambitious war plans and he eventually annexed various Latin neighboring city states. In 509 B.C. the people revolted as a result of his son Sextus Tarquinius' (his son) rape of Lucretia, who was an important noblewoman in the kingdom. |
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| Classical Greek Philosopher who believed that all things are in flux. |
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Definition
Classical Greek Philosopher who believed that all things are in flux.…..
Heraclitus of Ephesus (535bc to 475BC), Being is Change, Logos or universal flux, Ephesian School |
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Term
| Tell me about the First Greco-Persian War |
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Definition
Tell me about the First Greco-Persian War…..
Greco-Persian Wars: Persia vs Greece/Sparta,
First Greco-Persian War: Xerxes' father, King Darius I of Persia, or Darius the Great, invaded Greece for the first time and was defeated by Athens at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC |
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| Which sea battle occurred during the Greco-Persian Wars |
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Definition
Which sea battle occurred during the Greco-Persian Wars…..
** The Battle of Salamis (Greek: Ναυμαχία τῆς Σαλαμῖνος), was a naval battle between the Greek city-states and Persia in September, 480 BC in the strait between Piraeus and Salamis Island, an island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens. Turning point of the war led by Themistokles of Athens. |
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| Who fought at the Battle of Thermopylae |
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Definition
Who fought at the Battle of Thermopylae…..
Battle of Thermopylae (480bc) King Leonidas of Sparta and 4000 greeks held off 200,000 persians for three days |
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| Who was the farmer general of Rome? |
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Definition
Who was the farmer general of Rome?…..
Farmer General Cincinnatus : Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus (519 BC – 438 BC) was an aristocrat and political figure of the Roman Republic, serving as consul in 460 BC and Roman dictator in 458 BC and 439 BC.[1]
His abandoning of his farm to serve Rome against the Aequians and the Sabines, and especially his immediate resignation of his absolute authority with the end of the crisis, has often been cited as an example of outstanding leadership, service to the greater good, civic virtue, and modesty. As a result, he has inspired a number of organizations and other entities, a number of which are named for him. |
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Who was Pericles…..
Pericles (495BC to 429BC)
was a prominent and influential statesman, orator, and general of Athens during the city's Golden Age—specifically, the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars.
turned the Delian League into an Athenian empire and led his countrymen during the first two years of the Peloponnesian War.
Pericles promoted the arts and literature; this was a chief reason Athens holds the reputation of being the educational and cultural centre of the ancient Greek world.
He started an ambitious project that built most of the surviving structures on the Acropolis (including the Parthenon). This project beautified the city, exhibited its glory, and gave work to the people.[1] Furthermore, Pericles fostered Athenian democracy to such an extent that critics call him a populist. |
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| What was the First Peloponnesian War |
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Definition
What was the First Peloponnesian War…..
First Peloponnesian War (460BC to 445BC), Sparta (Peloponnesian League & Thebes) vs Delian League (Athens & Argos). Lysander of Sparta defeated the Greeks and disbanded the Delian League. |
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Who was Herodotus…..
Herodotus of Halicarnassus Greek historian from Ionia (ca. 484 BC–ca. 425 BC) and is regarded as the "Father of History". Wrote "The Histories", the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars which occurred in 490 and 480-479 BC — |
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Definition
Who was Socrates…..
Socrates : Classical Greek Philosopher (470 - 399 BCE) one of the founders of Western philosophy, he is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon, and the plays of his contemporary Aristophanes. |
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Definition
Who was Thucydides…..
Thucydides (c. 460 BC – c. 395 BC) Greek historian, and the author of the History of the Peloponnesian War, father of scientific history because of his strict standards of gathering evidence and his analysis in terms of cause and effect without reference to intervention by the gods.[1] He also has been considered as the father of the school of political realism that views the relations between nations as based on might rather than right.[2] |
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Definition
Who was Xenophon…..
Xenophon (431 – 355 BC)soldier, mercenary and an admirer of Socrates known for his writings on the history of his own times, the sayings of Socrates, and the life of Greece. Xenophon's book Anabasis ("The Expedition" or "The March Up Country") is his record of the entire expedition against the Persians and the journey home. |
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Who was Plato…..
Plato (428-347BC), School of Platoism. was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science.[3] Plato was originally a student of Socrates, and was as much influenced by his thinking as by his apparently unjust execution. |
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Who was Demosthenes…..
Demosthenes (384–322 BC), was a prominent Greek statesman and orator of ancient Athens. His orations constitute a significant expression of contemporary Athenian intellectual prowess and provide an insight into the politics and culture of ancient Greece during the 4th century BC. Demosthenes learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators. He delivered his first judicial speeches at the age of 20, in which he argued effectively to gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance. For a time, Demosthenes made his living as a professional speech-writer (logographer) and a lawyer, writing speeches for use in private legal suits.
Demosthenes devoted his most productive years to opposing Macedon's expansion. He idealized his city and strove throughout his life to restore Athens' supremacy and motivate his compatriots against Philip II of Macedon. He sought to preserve his city's freedom and to establish an alliance against Macedon, in an unsuccessful attempt to impede Philip's plans to expand his influence southwards by conquering all the Greek states. After Philip's death, Demosthenes played a leading part in his city's uprising against the new King of Macedon, Alexander the Great. However, his efforts failed and Demosthenes took his own life, in order to avoid being arrested.
Demosthenes (a conscious nod to Demosthenes of Athens) was used as an online pseudonym by Valentine Wiggin in the Ender's Game series of books by Orson Scott Card. This, supposedly, was used as a reference because Valentine Wiggin, or Demosthenes, was trying to halt the encroaching Warsaw Pact invasion, which was parallel to Demosthenes' actual attempt to stop Philip II of Macedon. |
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Definition
Who was Aristotle…..
Aristotle (384 - 322 bce) a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. Aristotle's views on the physical sciences profoundly shaped medieval scholarship, and their influence extended well into the Renaissance, although they were ultimately replaced by Newtonian physics.
His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, which was incorporated in the late 19th century into modern formal logic.
In metaphysics, Aristotelianism had a profound influence on philosophical and theological thinking in the Islamic and Jewish traditions in the Middle Ages, and it continues to influence Christian theology, especially Eastern Orthodox theology, and the scholastic tradition of the Catholic Church. His ethics, though always influential, gained renewed interest with the modern advent of virtue ethics. |
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| Who was Alexander the Great |
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Definition
Who was Alexander the Great…..
Alexander the Great (336BC to 323BC), conquered the Persian Empire, including Anatolia, Syria, Phoenicia, Judea, Gaza, Egypt, Bactria and Mesopotamia ; |
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| Who stated the axiom that the shortest distance between two points is a straight line" |
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Definition
Who stated the axiom that the shortest distance between two points is a straight line"…..
Euclid (pronounced EWK-lid;), fl. 300 BC, also known as Euclid of Alexandria, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "Father of Geometry". He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I (323–283 BC). His Elements is one of the most influential works in the history of mathematics, serving as the main textbook for teaching mathematics (especially geometry) from the time of its publication until the late 19th or early 20th century. In the Elements, Euclid deduced the principles of what is now called Euclidean geometry from a small set of axioms. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki) |
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What were the Punic wars…..
The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 to 146 BC |
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| Aristarchus was a great influence on Nicolaus Copernicus even thought they lived 1700 years apart. What did he do? |
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Definition
Aristarchus was a great influence on Nicolaus Copernicus even thought they lived 1700 years apart. What did he do?…..
Aristarchus, a Greek, determined that the planets and the Earth rotated around the sun and that since the stars appeared to be motionless then they must be very very far away. He also determined that the sun larger than the Earth and that the Earth rotated on its axis. While everyone else looked at the stars moving across the sky and imagined that they were moving, some scientists looked at they sky and imagined what else would explain the apparant movement and they understood that a rotating earth would produce the same effect. (Story of Science, Joy Hakim) |
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| Who was the famous Greek scientist of Ancient Greece? |
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Definition
Who was the famous Greek scientist of Ancient Greece?…..
Archimedes of Syracuse (287 BC – c. 212 BC) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Among his advances in physics are the foundations of hydrostatics, statics and an explanation of the principle of the lever. He is credited with designing innovative machines, including siege engines and the screw pump that bears his name.
Archimedes is generally considered to be the greatest mathematician of antiquity and one of the greatest of all time.[2][3] He used the method of exhaustion to calculate the area under the arc of a parabola with the summation of an infinite series, and gave a remarkably accurate approximation of pi.[4] He also defined the spiral bearing his name, formulae for the volumes of surfaces of revolution and an ingenious system for expressing very large numbers. the tomb of Archimedes, was surmounted by a sphere inscribed within a cylinder. Archimedes had proven that the sphere has two thirds of the volume and surface area of the cylinder (including the bases of the latter), and regarded this as the greatest of his mathematical achievements.
Archimedes died during the Siege of Syracuse when he was killed by a Roman soldier despite orders that he should not be harmed. Cicero describes visiting |
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Definition
Who was Hannibal…..
Hannibal, son of Hamilcar Barca (248–183 or 182 BC), was a Carthaginian military commander and tactician who is popularly credited as one of the most talented commanders in history. His father Hamilcar Barca was the leading Carthaginian commander during the First Punic War.
Hannibal lived during a period of tension in the Mediterranean, when Rome (then the Roman Republic) established its supremacy over other great powers such as Carthage, and the Hellenistic kingdoms of Macedon, Syracuse, and the Seleucid empire. One of his most famous achievements was at the outbreak of the Second Punic War, when he marched an army, which included war elephants, from Iberia over the Pyrenees and the Alps into northern Italy. Hannibal occupied much of Italy for 15 years, but a Roman counter-invasion of North Africa forced Hannibal to return to Carthage, where he was decisively defeated by Scipio Africanus at the Battle of Zama. Scipio studied Hannibal's tactics and brilliantly devised some of his own, and finally defeated Rome's nemesis at Zama having previously driven Hasdrubal, Hannibal's brother, out of Spain. |
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| Who defeated Hannibal of Carthage? |
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Definition
Who defeated Hannibal of Carthage?…..
Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (235–183 BC), also known as Scipio Africanus and Scipio the Elder, was a general in the Second Punic War and statesman of the Roman Republic. He was best known for defeating Hannibal at the final battle of the Second Punic War at Zama, a feat that earned him the agnomen Africanus, the nickname "the Roman Hannibal", as well as recognition as one of the finest commanders in military history. An earlier great display of his tactical abilities had come already at the Battle of Ilipa. |
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| Who measured the earth in 195BCE |
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Definition
Who measured the earth in 195BCE…..
Eratosthenes of Cyrene c. 276 BC[1] – c. 195 BC[2]) was a Greek mathematician, elegiac poet, athlete, geographer, astronomer, and music theorist.
He was the first person to use the word "geography" and invented the discipline of geography as we understand it. He invented a system of latitude and longitude.
He was the first person to calculate the circumference of the earth by using a measuring system using stades, or the length of stadiums during that time period (with remarkable accuracy). He was the first person to prove that the Earth was round. He was the first to calculate the tilt of the Earth's axis (also with remarkable accuracy). He may also have accurately calculated the distance from the earth to the sun and invented the leap day.[4] He also created a map of the world based on the available geographical knowledge of the era. In addition, Eratosthenes was the founder of scientific chronology; he endeavored to fix the dates of the chief literary and political events from the conquest of Troy. He was the 3rd librarian of the Library at Alexandria. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki) |
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| Who was the general who reformed the Roman armies and fought off the Cimbri & Teuton barbarians? |
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Definition
Who was the general who reformed the Roman armies and fought off the Cimbri & Teuton barbarians?…..
Gaius Marius[1] (157 BC–January 13, 86 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. He was elected consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his dramatic reforms of Roman armies, authorizing recruitment of landless citizens, eliminated the manipular military formations, and reorganizing the structure of the legions into separate cohorts. His men called themselves Marius's Mules. In 102bce the Barbarian tribes of Cimbri & Teutons (wagon people whose women and children came to war with them) were defeated by Marius and his Mules.
His great rival was the Roman Sulla. The struggle between Marius and Sulla led to the deaths of numerous distinguished Roman senators, equestrians and unknown thousands of Roman soldiers and citizens. It set a precedent for the civil wars to come that led ultimately to the destruction of the Republican form of government and thus to the establishment of the principate system of the empire. |
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| Which two Roman generals fought against the slave uprising Spartacus |
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Definition
Which two Roman generals fought against the slave uprising Spartacus…..
Spartacus defeated by the forces of Marcus Licinius Crassus (the weathiest man in Rome) & Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great). the legions of Pompey returned from Spain and were ordered by the Senate to head south to aid Crassus.[32] While Crassus feared that Pompey's arrival would cost him the credit, Spartacus unsuccessfully tried to reach an agreement with Crassus.[33] When Crassus refused, a portion of Spartacus' forces fled toward the mountains west of Petelia (modern Strongoli) in Bruttium, with Crassus' legions in pursuit.[34] When the legions managed to catch a portion of the rebels separated from the main army,[35] discipline among Spartacus's forces broke down as small groups were independently attacking the oncoming legions.[36] Spartacus now turned his forces around and brought his entire strength to bear on the legions in a last stand, in which the slaves were routed completely, with the vast majority of them being killed on the battlefield.[37] The eventual fate of Spartacus himself is unknown, as his body was never found, but he is accounted by historians to have perished in battle along with his men.[38] 6,000 survivors of the revolt captured by the legions of Crassus were crucified, lining the Appian Way from Rome to Capua.[39] |
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| Who was the famous Senator Orator who opposed the rule of Brutus? |
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Definition
Who was the famous Senator Orator who opposed the rule of Brutus?…..
Marcus Tullius Cicero ( January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC) was a Roman philosopher, statesman, lawyer, political theorist, and Roman constitutionalist. He is widely considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists.
Cicero, however, was taken completely by surprise when the Liberatores assassinated Caesar on the ides of March, 44 BC. Cicero was not included in the conspiracy, even though the conspirators were sure of his sympathy. Cicero became a popular leader during the period of instability following the assassination. He had no respect for Mark Antony, who was scheming to take revenge upon Caesar's murderers. He began attacking Antony in a series of speeches he called the Philippics, after Demosthenes's denunciations of Philip II of Macedon. Praising Octavian, he said that the young man only desired honor and would not make the same mistake as his adoptive father. During this time, Cicero's popularity as a public figure was unrivalled. Cicero’s plan to drive out Antony failed. Antony and Octavian reconciled and allied with Lepidus to form the Second Triumvirate. The Triumvirate began proscribing their enemies and potential rivals. Cicero and all of his contacts and supporters were numbered among the enemies of the state, and reportedly, Octavian argued for two days against Cicero being added to the list. Cicero was assasinated by the orders of the triumverate. |
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| What was the 1st Roman Triumverate |
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Definition
What was the 1st Roman Triumverate…..
First Triumvirate : Pompey the Great, His Father in law Julius Caesar, & Marcus Licinius Crassus |
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Definition
Who was Julius Caesar?…..
Gaius Julius Caesar (100 - 44 BCE) Roman General and Consul. Caesar's conquest of Gaul extended the Roman world to the North Sea, and in 55 BC he also conducted the first Roman invasion of Britain. These achievements granted him unmatched military power and threatened to eclipse Pompey's, while the death of Crassus contributed to increasing political tensions between the two triumviral survivors. Political realignments in Rome finally led to a stand-off between Caesar and Pompey, the latter having taken up the cause of the Senate. With the order that sent his legions across the Rubicon, Caesar began a civil war in 49 BC from which he emerged as the unrivaled leader of the Roman world.
After assuming control of government, he began extensive reforms of Roman society and government. He centralised the bureaucracy of the Republic and was eventually proclaimed "dictator in perpetuity" (dictator perpetuo). A group of senators, led by Marcus Junius Brutus, assassinated the dictator on the Ides of March (15 March) 44 BC, hoping to restore the normal running of the Republic. However, the result was a series of civil wars, which ultimately led to the establishment of the permanent Roman Empire by Caesar's adopted heir Octavius (later known as Augustus). |
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| What was the First Triumvirate |
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Definition
What was the First Triumvirate…..
Pompey the Great, His Father in law Julius Caesar, & Marcus Licinius Crassus |
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| What was the 2nd Roman Triumverate |
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Definition
What was the 2nd Roman Triumverate…..
The Second Triumvirate is the name historians give to the official political alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (later known as Augustus), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony, formed on 26 November 43 BC with the enactment of the Lex Titia, the adoption of which marked the end of the Roman Republic. |
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Term
| What was the Second Triumvirate |
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Definition
What was the Second Triumvirate…..
The Second Triumvirate is the name historians give to the official political alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (later known as Augustus), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony, formed on 26 November 43 BC with the enactment of the Lex Titia, the adoption of which marked the end of the Roman Republic. |
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| Who was the first emperor of Rome |
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Definition
Who was the first emperor of Rome…..
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) was the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD. Octavius came into his inheritance after Caesar's assassination in 44 BC. The reign of Augustus initiated an era of relative peace known as the Pax Romana. |
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| Who ruled Britain during the first five centuries of the Common Era. |
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Definition
Who ruled Britain during the first five centuries of the Common Era.…..
Rome conquered and held large portions of Britain. Roman Britain was the part of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and about 410. The Romans referred to their territory as Britannia |
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| Who was Hero of Alexandria (not King Hero) |
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Definition
Who was Hero of Alexandria (not King Hero)…..
Hero (or Heron) of Alexandria (c. 10–70 ce) was an ancient Greek mathematician who was a resident of a Roman province (Ptolemaic Egypt); he was also an engineer who was active in his native city of Alexandria. He is considered the greatest experimenter of antiquity
Hero published a well recognized description of a steam-powered device called an aeolipile (hence sometimes called a "Hero engine"). Among his most famous inventions was a windwheel, constituting the earliest instance of wind harnessing on land.
It is almost certain that Hero taught at the Musaeum which included the famous Library of Alexandria, because most of his writings appear as lecture notes for courses in mathematics, mechanics, physics and pneumatics. Although the field was not formalized until the 20th century, it is thought that the work of Hero, his "programmable" automated devices in particular, represents some of the first formal research into cybernetics (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki) |
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| Which queen rose up against the Roman forces holding Britain? |
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Definition
Which queen rose up against the Roman forces holding Britain?…..
Boudica (pronounced /ˈbuːdɨkə/; also spelled Boudicca), formerly known as Boadicea /boʊdɨˈsiːə/ (d. AD 60 or 61) was queen of a Celtic tribe who led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire |
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Definition
Who was Marcus Aurelius?…..
Marcus Aurelius (26 April 121 – 17 March 180) was Roman Emperor from 161 to 180. He was the last of the "Five Good Emperors", and is also considered one of the most important Stoic philosophers.
Marcus Aurelius' work Meditations, written in Greek while on campaign between 170 and 180, is still revered as a literary monument to a government of service and duty. It serves as an example of how Aurelius approached the Platonic ideal of a philosopher-king and how he symbolized much of what was best about Roman civilization. |
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Definition
Who was Constantine?…..
306ce
4th Century CE
Constantine ruled Rome
Caesar Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus (272ce – 337ce), commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine, was Roman Emperor from 306 to 337.
Best known for being the first Christian Roman emperor, Constantine reversed the persecutions of his predecessor, Diocletian, and issued the Edict of Milan in 313, which proclaimed religious tolerance of Christians throughout the empire.
He fought successfully against the Franks, Alamanni, Visigoths, and Sarmatians during his reign.
Constantine also transformed the ancient Greek colony of Byzantium into a new imperial residence, Constantinople, which would be the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire for over one thousand years.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine_I
http://faculty.cua.edu/Pennington/ChurchHistory220/lectureone/ConstantineArch.htm
Picture: FlashcardData/ce0306Constantine.jpg |
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| Who was the Roman half barbarian General? |
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Definition
Who was the Roman half barbarian General?…..
Flavius Stilicho (occasionally written as Stilico) (ca. 359 – August 22, 408) was a high-ranking general (magister militum), Patrician and Consul of the Western Roman Empire, notably of semi-barbarian birth.
Defeated the Goths many times but was finally killed by the Romans for not defeating them completely. Alaric the Goth general took advantage of Stilicho's death to raid Rome. |
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| In 415ce Hypatia died. Who was she and what happened to her? |
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In 415ce Hypatia died. Who was she and what happened to her?…..
in 415ce, Hypatia a Greek scholar from Alexandria, Egypt, considered the first notable woman in mathematics, who also taught philosophy and astronomy was killed by a Christian mob. |
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Who was Atilla the Hun?…..
Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death in 453. He was leader of the Hunnic Empire, which stretched from Germany to the Ural River and from the Danube River to the Baltic Sea. During his rule, he was one of the most fearsome enemies of the Western and Eastern Roman Empire. However, he refrained from attacking either Constantinople or Rome. Attila has been portrayed in various ways, sometimes as a noble ruler, sometimes as a cruel barbarian. Attila is known in Western history and tradition as the grim flagellum dei (Latin: "Scourge of God"), and his name has become a byword for cruelty and barbarism. Some of this may have arisen from confusion between him and later steppe warlords such as Genghis Khan and Timur |
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| Who were the 5 good emperors ofRome |
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Who were the 5 good emperors ofRome…..
The term Five Good Emperors was coined by the political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli in 1503: "From the study of this history we may also learn how a good government is to be established; for while all the emperors who succeeded to the throne by birth, except Titus, were bad, all were good who succeeded by adoption; as in the case of the five from Nerva to Marcus. But so soon as the empire fell once more to the heirs by birth, its ruin recommenced.
Machiavelli argued that these adopted emperors, through good rule, earned the respect of those around them: Titus, Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus, and Marcus had no need of praetorian cohorts, or of countless legions to guard them, but were defended by their own good lives, the good-will of their subjects, and the attachment of the senate. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki) |
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| When did Western Rome Fall |
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When did Western Rome Fall…..
Western Rome Falls in 476ce |
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What are the dark ages?…..
After the fall of Rome in 476ce, scientific learning stagnated for a time in Western Europe. Learning moved from academies and libraries to Monasteries where it was preserved from destruction at the hands of Christian and Muslim mobs. Most Western thinkers rejected Greek science. Some such as the monk, Cosmas, used the bible instead of science and taught that the Earth must be a flat rectangle based on its description in the bible. (Story of Science, Joy Hakim) |
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What was the heptarchy …..
500 ce - 850 ce Dark Ages: heptarchy a collective name applied to the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of south, east, and central Great Britain during late antiquity and the early Middle Ages, conventionally identified as seven: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex and Wessex. The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms eventually unified into the Kingdom of England under King Alfred of Wessex to combat the Vikings. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki) |
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| At about the time that King Arthur would have been King of Camelot, what was happening in Britain? |
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At about the time that King Arthur would have been King of Camelot, what was happening in Britain?…..
400-600 CE : Anglo-Saxons from Germany and Denmark begin to invade England and displace the Welsh/Latin Briton natives. |
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| Beowulf, a hero of the Geats, may be based on a person who lived in 530ce. The story is considered an Epic Poem. The hero fights three mythical creatures: Grendel, who has been atttacking the mead hall of Hroogar (King of the Danes), Grendel's mother, and he is finally killed by a Dragon when he is King of the Geats. |
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Who was Justinian I…..
ce0527 5th Century
Justinian I ruled Rome
Justinian the Great, was Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Emperor from 527 to 565. During his reign, Justinian sought to revive the empire's greatness and reconquer the lost western half of the classical Roman Empire.
One of the most important figures of Late Antiquity and the last emperor to speak Latin as a first language, Justinian's rule constitutes a distinct epoch in the history of the Eastern Roman Empire. The impact of his administration extended far beyond the boundaries of his time and domain. Justinian's reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized renovatio imperii, or "restoration of the empire". This ambition was expressed in the partial recovery of the territories of the Western Roman Empire, including the city of Rome itself. A still more resonant aspect of his legacy was the uniform rewriting of Roman law, the Corpus Juris Civilis, which is still the basis of civil law in many modern states. His reign also marked a blossoming of Byzantine culture, and his building programme yielded such masterpieces as the church of Hagia Sophia, which was to be the center of Eastern Orthodox Christianity for many centuries.
A devastating outbreak of bubonic plague (see Plague of Justinian) in the early 540s marked the end of an age of splendor. The empire entered a period of territorial decline not to be reversed until the ninth century.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_I
http://www.bonzasheila.com/stories/justiniantheodora.html
flashcardData/ce0527justiniantheodora.jpg |
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| What happened at the Battle of Tours and who was the commander of the European forces? |
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| in 732ce, Charles "The Hammer" Martel stopped the Islamic forces of Abdul Ghafiqi at the Battle of Tours in France (also known as Battle of Poitiers) and prevented the expansion of Islam into Western Europe. |
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| Who is considered to be the Father of Europe? |
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| Charlemagne who became King of the Franks in 768ce and Emperor in 800 ce was the son of Pepin the Short and Grandson of Charles the Hammer who stopped the Muslims from invading Europe from Spain. He promoted education for his family and his empire and supported the development of culture. |
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Who was Alfred the Great…..
Alfred the Great (Old English: Ælfrēd, Ælfrǣd, "elf counsel") was King of Wessex from 871 to 899. Forced the Vikings to sign a peace treaty, becoming the only English monarch to be accorded the epithet "the Great".[1] Alfred was the first King of the West Saxons to style himself "King of the Anglo-Saxons". His daughter, Æthelflæd, would become Queen of Mercia in her own right (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki) |
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What is special about this pattern of numbers, what can be derived from the pattern, and who stated the pattern.,
1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89… |
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What is special about this pattern of numbers, what can be derived from the pattern, and who stated the pattern.,
1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89……..
Leonardo Pisano Bigollo (c. 1170 – c. 1250)[1] also known as Leonardo of Pisa, or, most commonly, simply Fibonacci, was an Italian mathematician, considered by some "the most talented western mathematician of the Middle Ages."
Fibonacci is best known to the modern world for the spreading of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system in Europe (advocated numeration with the digits 0–9 and place value)
AND for a number sequence named after him known as the Fibonacci numbers, which he did not discover but used as an example in the Liber Abaci.
Golden Rule 1.61803 : if you divide one of the Fibonacci numbers with its next door neighbor you get very close to the Golden Rule: 13/8=1.625 21/13=1.6153 etc. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki) |
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| When did Eastern Rome fall? |
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When did Eastern Rome fall?…..
Eastern Rome Falls to Turks in 1453 |
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What was happening in the Before Common Era ( BCE )
9th Millennium (8000 bce)
8th Millennium (7000 bce)
7th Millennium (6000 bce)
6th Millennium (5000 bce)
5th Millennium (4000 bce)
4th Millennium (3000 bce)
3rd Millennium (2000 bce)
2nd Millennium (1000 bce)
1st Millennium (year 999 to year 1 bce)
8000 bce - Fertile Crescent Area Settled
7000 bce - Rising sea levels separate Ireland and England |
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What was happening in the Before Common Era ( BCE )
8000 bce - Fertile Crescent Area Settled
7000 bce - Rising sea levels separate Ireland and England
6000 bce Neolithic Egypt (stone age farming )
5000 bce - First Sumerian City (Eridu)in Mesopotamia
4000 bce - Potter's Wheel invented
3000 bce - Cuneiform writing (first written language) arises in Sumeria & King Menes unites Egypt
2000 bce - Sargon of Akkadia conquers Mesopotamia
1000 bce - Trojan War & Greek Dark Ages |
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What happened during the 1st 1000 years before the common era?
8th Century - 799 to 700 bce
7th Century - 699 to 600 bce
6th Century - 599 to 500 bce
5th Century - 499 to 400 bce |
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8th Century - Spartan Constitution of Lycurgus & Rome founded by Romulus
7th Century - Pre-Socratic Philosophers : Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, & Anaxagoras
6th Century - Confucius (551 BCE – 479 BC) Chinese Philosopher
5th Century -
Greco-Persian Wars (greece vs persians movie 300)
Peloponnesian wars (sparta vs athens)
Herodotus "father of history"
Socrates
4th Century - Aristotle & Alexander the Great
3rd Century - Punic Wars between Rome & Carthage (Hannibal's Elephants)
2nd Century - Eratosthenes of Cyrene measured the world
1st Century - Julius Caesar |
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