Term
| insulin (humulin R, novolin R) |
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Definition
| rapid acting--suitable for IV use (DM) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| NPH insulin (humulin N, novolin N) |
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Definition
| intermediate acting--insulin aggregated with protamine and zinc (DM) |
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Term
| insulin glargine (lantus) |
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Definition
| long acting--2 arg added to C term--poorly soluble at pH 7 (DM) |
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Term
| metformin (glucophage, glumetza) |
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Definition
| biguanide--activates AMPK in hepatocytes reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis preventing hyperglycemia and not producing hypoglycemia (1st line for DM2) |
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Term
| glyburide (diabeta, micronase, glynase presTab) |
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Definition
| sulfonylurea--inhibit Katp channel on B cell leading to increased insulin release (early stage DM2) --dont use with pregnant or lactating women |
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Term
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Definition
| meglitinide--inhibit Katp channel on B cell leading to increased insulin release (early stage DM2) --better than sulfonylureas |
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Term
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Definition
| thizolidinedione--peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARy) agonist leads to increased sensitivity to insulin mainly in adipose (DM2) --lots of adverse effects, takes 1-3months for effects |
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Term
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Definition
| thizolidinedione--peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARy) agonist leads to increased sensitivity to insulin mainly in adipose (DM2) --lots of adverse effects such as MI/stroke, takes 1-3months for effects |
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Term
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Definition
| alpha-glucosidase inhibitor--inhibits breakdown of complex carbs and oligosaccharides in gut delaying absorption of glucose (DM2) --give glucose tabs for instances of hypoglycemia |
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Term
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Definition
| amylin analogue--acts at amylin receptor in hindbrain to suppress glucagon release, delay gastric emptying, promote satiety (DM1 and 2 as adjunct to insulin) |
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Term
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Definition
| GLP-1 agonist--increases insulin synthesis and secretion in a glucose dependent manner, delays gastric emptying, decreases appetite, suppresses glucagon release (DM2) |
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Term
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Definition
| DPP-4 inhibitor--increases levels of incretins GLP-1 and GIP increasing insulin secretion and decreasing glucagon (DM2) --increased rate of infections |
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Term
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Definition
| SGLT2 inhibitor--inhibits glucose reabsorption in proximal tubule (DM2) --risk of UTI's |
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Term
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Definition
| carbonic anhydrase inhibitor--inhibits NaHCO3 reabsorption in proximal tubule (glaucoma, altitude sickness, epilepsy, overdoses, metabolic alkalosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| osmotic diuretic in proximal tubule and descending limb (oliguric acute renal failure, glaucoma, overdoses) |
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Term
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Definition
| loop diuretic--inhibits Na-K-2Cl symport in thick ascending limb (CHF, pulmonary edema, hypertension, hypercalcemia, edema of nephrotic syndrome, edema with liver cirrhosis, overdoses, treat hyponatremia when administered with hypertonic saline) |
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Term
| ethacrynic acid (edecrin) |
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Definition
| loop diuretic--inhibits Na-K-2Cl symport in thick ascending limb (CHF, pulmonary edema, hypertension, hypercalcemia, edema of nephrotic syndrome, edema with liver cirrhosis, overdoses, treat hyponatremia when administered with hypertonic saline) |
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Term
| hydrochlorothiazide (microzide) |
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Definition
| thiazide diuretic--inihibits Na-Cl symport in early distal convoluted tubule (edema of heart failure, 1st line for hypertension, prevent Ca nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, ascites from liver cirrhosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| thiazide diuretic--inihibits Na-Cl symport in early distal convoluted tubule (edema of heart failure, hypertension, prevent Ca nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, ascites from liver cirrhosis) |
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Term
| chlorthalidone (thalitone) |
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Definition
| thiazide diuretic--inihibits Na-Cl symport in early distal convoluted tubule (edema of heart failure, 1st line for hypertension, prevent Ca nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, ascites from liver cirrhosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| strongest thiazide diuretic--inihibits Na-Cl symport in early distal convoluted tubule (edema of heart failure, 1st line for hypertension, prevent Ca nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, ascites from liver cirrhosis) -doesnt increase LDL/cholesterol |
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Term
| desmopressin acetate (arginine vasopressin, DDAVP, stimate) |
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Definition
| synthetic ADH (nocturnal enuresis due to central diabetes insipidus) |
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