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As blood travels through circulatory system, it encounters _____. |
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Collect blood from capillaries... |
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Location of exchange between blood and interstital fluid |
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Inner most layer -endothelial lining -connective tissue layer -Internal elastic layer |
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Middle layer Contains smooth muscle |
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Outer (external) layer of BV Anchors vessel to adjacent tissues |
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Small arteries and veins -In walls of larger arteries and veins -Supply cells of tunica media and externa |
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Which blood vessels have thicker walls and higher blood pressure? |
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Which BV are more elastic? |
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From heart to capillaries, arteries change. -From _____ arteries -To ______ arteries _To arterioles |
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A buldge in an arterial wall which is caused by weak spot in elastic fibers. High pressure my rupture vessel |
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-Also called conducting arteries -Large vessels (pulmonary trunk aorta) -Tunica Media has many elastic fibers and few muscle cells |
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Also called distribution arteries. -Medium sized (most arteries) -Tunica Media has many muscle cells -Active in vasoconstriction |
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Are small -have little or no tunica externa -have thin or incomplete tunica media -Control flow into capillary beds vasod &c |
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Capillaries are smallest vessels with __ walls. |
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_____ help stabilize capillaries walls and control permability |
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In all tissues except for cartilage, epithelia, cornea and lens of eye |
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Function of? Location of all exchange functions of cardiovascular system. Material diffuse between blood and interstital fluid |
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Has an endothelial tube, inside thin basal lamina. No tunica media or externa Diameter is similar to RBC |
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-Have complete endothelial lining. -Are found in all tissues except epithelia and cartilage. -Abundant in skin and muscles |
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Permit diffusion of water, small solutes, and lipid-soluble materials. -block blood cells and plasma proteins |
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Are in CNS and thymus -have very restricted permeability |
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specialized continuous capillaries |
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-Have pores in endothelial lining -Permit rapid exchange of water and larger solutes between plasma and interstitial fluid -Are found in Choroid plexus, endocrine organs, kidneys and intestinal tract |
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-Have gaps between adjacent endothelial cells. -Found in liver, spleen, bone marrow and endocrine organs -Permit free exchange of water and large proteins between blood and IF -Phagocytic cells monitor blood at these |
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Large pores increase permeability. Occurs in special locations (Kidneys, small intestines) |
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Most permable capillary. Special locations (liver, bone marrow, spleen) |
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Connect one arteriole and one venule. Where these have direct connections. Controlled by smooth muscle segments |
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Multiple arteries that connect to one capillary bed |
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fusion of two collateral arteries |
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Bypass the capillary bed. Direct connections between arterioles and venules. |
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Arteriovenous anastomoses |
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Guard entrance to each capillary. Open and closes, causing capillary blood flow in pulses |
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Contraction and relaxation cycle of capillary sphincters |
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Very small veins. Collect blood from capillaries |
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This vein has a thin tunica media and few smooth muscle cells |
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This type of vein has all 3 tunica layers |
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Formed when venules converge. Collect blood from capillaries in tissues and organs. Contain 65% of blood supply |
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Called capacitance vessels |
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Folds of tunica intima. Prevent blood from flowing backwards |
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What are the two major pumps that assist in moving blood back into the heart? |
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Skeletal muscle and respiratory pump |
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Pressure in thoracic cage drops and draws blood into veins. |
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Pressure increases in the thoracic cage and pushes the blood towards the heart |
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total capillary blood flow = cardiac output which is determined by the pressure and resistance of the..... |
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The ______ provides the driving force that keeps blood moving from higher to lower pressure areas |
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Blood viscocity total blood vessel length blood vessel diameter are important sources of what? |
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The heart generates pressure to overcome ______. |
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Absolute pressure is less important than what? |
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____________ = pressure gradient. |
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Total peripheral resistance=________ |
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peak arterial pressure during ventricular systole |
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minimum arterial pressure during diastole |
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diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure |
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Elasticity allows arteries to _____ ____ ___ that come with each heartbeat. |
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______ allow arteries to change in diameter |
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____ and ____ will affect afterload on heart, peripheral bp, capillary blood flow |
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vasocontriction and vasodilation |
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_____ is pressure that the chamber of the heart has to generate in order to eject blood out of the chamber. |
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As afterload increases, cardiac output ______. |
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Elastic rebound Aterial walls stretch during _____. |
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Elastic rebound arterial walls recoil to original shape during ______. |
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What keeps blood moving during diastole |
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____ and ______ decreases with distance from heart. |
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_______ decrease with friction. |
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______ decreases due to elastic rebound |
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capillary exchange Moves materials across capillary walls by diffusion, filtration and _______. |
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capillary exchange some ions (Na,K,Cl) Diffuse through _____ in plasma membranes. |
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capillary exchange Large, water-soluble compunds pass through _______ capillaries |
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capillary exchange lipids and lipid-soluble materials (o2 and co2) ____ through endothelial plasma membranes |
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capillary exchange plasma protein cross endothelial lining in ________. |
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Causes by suspended blood proteins that are too large to cross capillary walls |
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Definition
blood colloid osmotic pressure |
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Results in water moving in |
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Definition
blood colloid osmotic pressure |
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forces water out of a solution |
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Definition
capillary hydrostatic pressure |
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Due to ___ in arterial system, fluid leaks out. |
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Fluid pressure is ________. This causes H2o out of vessels. |
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Difference between capillary hydrostatic pressure and interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure |
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Pushes water and solutes out of capillaries and into interstitial fluid |
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Definition
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Difference between blood colloid osmotic pressure and interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure |
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Definition
Net colloid osmotic pressure |
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Pulls water and solutes into a capillary from interstitial fluid |
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Definition
net colloid osmotic pressure |
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the difference between net hydrostatic pressure and net osmotic pressure |
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At arterial end of capillary fluid moves ___ of capillary and ___ interstitial fluid |
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At venous end of capillary fluid moves ___ capillary and ___ of interstitial fluid. |
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Tissue perfusion is affected by cardiac output, bp, and ______. |
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Myogenic auto regulation, tissue metabolic activity, paracrine signaling molecules, endocrine system, and nervous system are all |
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Definition
regulators of arterial diameter |
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low O2, high Co2, low pH, NO, high K or H concentrations histamines elevated temp are all.... |
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Local vasoconstrictors constrict ____ ____ |
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No Ca entering--relax Activate K channels/more K out/hyperpolarize/--relax activates myosin phosphate/dephosphorylates myosin--relax |
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Definition
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Vasomotor center: Vasoconstriction-controlled by |
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Stretch sensitive mechanoreceptors located in the walls of major blood vessels |
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Baroreceptor reflex regulates ____ |
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